ABSTRACT
The aim of the present work is to characterize the vegetal raw material of the Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.) Hook. f. ex K. Schum., Rubiaceae, known as "mulateiro", and to evaluate the influence of extractive parameters for attainment of standardized aqueous extractive solutions. The physical-chemical characterization of the samples was performed using pharmacopoeic and not pharmacopoeic methodologies. A 2³ factorial design was used to evaluate the influence of extraction techniques (infusion/decoction), drug: solvent ratio (2.5 and 7.5 percent), and extraction time (5 and 15 min) on the total tannin content of aqueous extractive solutions from C. spruceanum. The extractive solution that showed higher total tannin and dry residue content had their physical-chemical characteristics determined. The results suggest that an aqueous extractive solution from rinds of C. spruceanum barks with higher tanning yield (9.9 g percent), must be standardized using decoction as extraction methodology, with 2.5 percent of vegetal drug for an extraction time of 15 min. The results of the physical-chemical characterization suggest that environmental factors modify the properties of this species and, therefore, they can influence the quality and security of a product derived from this medicinal plant.
ABSTRACT
As plantas medicinais podem representar importantes alternativas terapêuticas. No entanto, para elaboração de um fitoterápico a contaminação microbiana constitui um problema a ser vencido. O processamento tecnológico da matéria-prima envolve etapas, geralmente, desfavoráveis à sobrevivência de microrganismos, sendo sua eliminação dependente da carga microbiana inicial e das condições de trabalho utilizadas. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a contaminação microbiana presente nas partes aéreas de Phyllanthus niruri e produtos derivados, solução extrativa (SE) e produto seco por aspersão (PSA), a fim de avaliar a redução da contaminação após a decocção e a secagem por aspersão. A determinação dos microrganismos viáveis nos produtos foi realizada através do método de contagem em placas, e a quantificação de coliformes totais pela técnica do número mais provável. Os resultados demonstraram que carga microbiana dos produtos analisados encontrava-se abaixo do limite máximo permitido. Em relação à droga vegetal, a solução extrativa apresentou carga microbiana consideravelmente menor, sugerindo que a decocção tenha sido responsável pela redução de 98,3 por cento da contaminação inicial. Por outro lado, a carga microbiana do PSA foi semelhante a da SE, indicando que os microrganismos não são afetados pela operação de secagem por aspersão.
Medicinal plants can be important therapeutic alternative, however microbiological contamination of plants represent a problem to be solved before the production. The technologic process of raw material has many stages, generally, adverse to microbial growth, but its complete elimination depends on the initial and work condition utilized. The aim of this work was to verify the microbial contamination of Phyllanthus niruri aerial parts and derivatives products, such as extractive solution (SE) and spray dried extract (PSA) with the purpose of evaluating the decrease of the contamination after the decoction and the spray dry. The microbiological analysis of the products was performed by total plate count and MPN coliform. The results showed that the contamination of the products was below the limit maxim. The contamination in the SE was significantly lower than in the plant and this fact suggest that the decoction was responsible for a reduction of 98,3 percent of the initial contamination. On the other hand, the PSA contamination was similar the SE thus suggesting that the spray dry did not affect the microorganisms present in the initial product.